Myanmar is a country full of ancient traditions and culture. From time to time, the Myanmar's have adapted different cultures and arts. To describe about the Arts of Myanmar, there are 10 Myanmar traditional arts which are metaphorically called "Ten Flowers". Theses arts have been passed on from one century to another until today. The 10 arts are as follows:
Panyun
( art and craft of the lacquer-ware maker )
Myanmar traditional lacquer ware emerged in the early part of Bagan period. Myanmar traditional lacquer ware drawing styles derived from many stories of Buddha's life. Burmese lacquer ware is one of such product, whose art goes back to the 11th century. On a framework of woven, finely cut strips of bamboo, mixtures of thit-see resin with clay and ash are carefully built-up and finally polished with the ash of fossil wood. The designs are then etched or painted by hand. The most traditional Burmese lacquer ware is of a unique terracotta color, with scenes from the jatakas, the Buddha's former existence, etched and then filled in with green pigment. More modern designs are in deep, velvet black, with simpler figures laid on in gennine gold leaf. Many types of Burmese lacquer ware articles are available, such as boxes, vases, trays, and bowls and even coffee table. Bagan, site of the architectural wonders of the East, is the home of this craft.
Panchi
( art and craft of the drawing & painting )
Myanmar traditional painting developed with the religion of Buddhism in the religion of Buddhism in the Bagan Region. Thus, Bagan become a repository of ancient Myanmar traditional paintings and sculptures in the 11th century A.D. Because of Myanmar artist's achievements, we have more paintings of Konbaung period than those of Ava, they are more colorful and lively. During Yadanapon of Mandalay period more painting was done in folding books called purapaik and on canvas than on the wall. The wall paintings at Mahamuni Pagoda in Mandalay were executed in later Yadanapone period .Most of these paintings have been copied and collectd by the Archaeological Department, Myanmar.
Panpoot
( art and craft of turning designs on the lathe )
Myanmar's traditional crafts of a turner emerged in the Bagan period in the 8th century A.D. The craft of a turner is an art which is made by rubbing the woods on the turner's lathe. Craft of a turner artists based on the traditional style of Bagan, Ava and Yadanapon period. Besides that, Myanmar's craft of turner artists is very interesting. Diversity in the shape of the craft of a turner, food containers, boxes, bowls, taunglon tables, chairs etc. all makes them attractive. The Myanmar's traditional arts and crafts owed a great deal of influence of Mon, the people of Suvanna Bhumi artists and artisans the Southern India's culture in the early Bagan period.
Myanmar's traditional sculpture emerged before the Bagan period and it improvement in the middle of Bagan Era. Myanmar's sculpture base the religion of Buddhism which arrived from Southern India in the 11th century A.D. Most of the wood sculptures of Bagan and Ava periods have been lost under various circumstances and only a few are left today. One outstanding wood sculpture belonging to the Bagan period is the one at the old portal of Shwesigone pagoda at Nyaung-U. Those who want to see wood sculptures of Yadanapon ( Mandalay ) or latter Yadanapon period should visit following places :
Myanmar's traditional sculpture contains wood sculpture, stone sculpture and plaster sculpture but more wood sculpture will be seen in many arts and crafts shops, in many cities of Myanmar. The wood sculptures are liked by many people in the world today.
Pantaut
( art and craft of making floral designs using masonry )
Myanmar traditional stucco carving emerged before the Bagan period and it improve in the Bagan, Ava, Amarapura and Yadanapon period. According to the historical records, Stucco works were very famous in Bagan period. Stucco works of Bagan period have detailed decorations. After Bagan we had Stucco carvings of mid-Konbaung or Amarapura period, which are very Burmese in style and very fine. The curled leaves and buds, though few, look very beautiful. Menu's brick monastery at Ava stands magnificently today with wooden pyathad durrets above it. The buds and flowers in bunches in the center of the portal at U Kin-danke are unique. The great building itself is a work of art to command our admiration.
Pantain
( art and craft of gold and silver smith )
Myanmar's traditional arts and crafts artistic creation of gold and silver wares come under the genre ( ba-dein ) art of making items in gold or silver. Creating silverware had been with Myanmar for the past one thousand two hundered years, and judging from the workmanship of the silverware that belong to those early years, it is indeed something for the Myanmar's to crow about. According to the crystal palace chronicles, during the region of King Anawrahta the relices of Buddha and the three repositories of Buddhist scriptures were bought to Bagan from Suvunna Boumi, the mon capital, along with them came mon artisans and works of mon arts and crafts, gold and silverware etc. Going further backing into the past, we find Pyu silver works of art discovered from the mounts of old shrines of Sri Ksetra.
The Myanmar's traditional blacksmith craft emerged in the early of Bagan period (11th century A.D ) and it had improved in the mid Bagan Ava and Yadanapon period. Myanmar's traditional blacksmith craft, from Inlay region were famous in the Yadanapon period. Many types of blacksmith craft articles are available, such as military armour, weapons, file, pickaxe, mattock, hoe sword, etc. The Myanmar's traditional blacksmith craft is very famous in the South East Asia and constitute one of the artistic wonders of the world.
Pantamault
( art and craft of sculpting with stone )
Sculpture in stone is a significant feature of Myanmar fine arts, has to this day been the pride and honor of Myanmar people. There are sculpture studio or workshops in Yangon, Mandalay and other towns in the country, but the majority of studios are concentrated in Mandalay. Very fine works of art in stone are to be seen at plaques depicting the life of the Buddha at Ananda, Bagan. Flower designs in the interior of the portal at Kyawkku-U min, Naung-U Nanhpaya, Myinkapa plaques partraying the 550 Buddhist birth-stories at Puhtotawkyi, Amarapura and the great image at Kyauktawkyi, at the foot of Mandalay Hill.
Marble craftsmanship is an interesting topic. Before carving any marble images, an auspicious day and time to the minute must be chosen by an astrologer and the stones blessed with a sprinkling of holy water and homage offering.
The master marks out the outline, and makes the first cut after the solemn rituals has been performed and prayers offered. The first cut must be in the exact instant of predicted auspiciousness. Then the experienced apprentices make the rough cuts. In the final carving stages the master takes over and under his tools the marble peels away as if it were soft wax.
Panyan
( art and craft of bricklaying and masonry )
Myanmar's traditional masonry works enjoys world wide renown for the ancient Pagodas and other religious buildings around the Bagan region.The Myanmar's traditional masonry of Bagan period is the highest developed of all the historical periods. Their works are remarkable for their strength, grandeur beauty of form, immensity of volume, detailed and appropriate decorations and the power to hold the spectators in awe.The masonry of mid Amarapura period is beautiful and lively but to be placed only in the second order, behind Bagan.The Myanmar's traditional masonry hasderived from the mon's culture of Suvanna Bhumi and in the Southern Indian's culture flun the 11th century A.D. In Fact-Masonry in Myanmar emerged since the Pyu period in the 1th century A.D.
Myanmar's traditional coppersmith's craft emerged before Bagan period and it improved during Bagan and Ava period. Every pagoda in Myanmar has bells, which were struck to tell the people of good deeds done. They are triangular bells which twirl when struck and ring with a sweet rising and falling tone, which gradually fades away. Moreover there are gongs, slung from carved ivory or wood elephant trunks, which are prized as dinner gongs. Different sizes and shapes of bells, all unmistakably Burmese in design, are popular as souvenirs. So are other castings such as weights and cow bells.
We have to deal with various people living different places in this world. We can get pleasant or unpleasant and good or bad things from them. So it is very important for us to decide wise man or fool man at the dealing with them. The Buddha taught about the wise man and the fool man in ‘Asevanāsa bālānaṃ Paṇḍhitānañca sivanā’ of the Maṇgala sutra. There the Buddha divided into two classifies the people.
First one is the fool. It is important for us to avoid the fools in order to escape the dangers created by them and secure prosperity and happiness in life. He is fool who thinks evil thoughts, makes evil speeches and performs evil deeds. A fool is possessed of evil attributes, such as greed, hatred, anger, ignorance, envy, jealousy, cruelty, selfishness and so on. He cannot distinguish between good and evil, truth and untruth or right and wrong or cause and effect. It is devoid of knowledge, love, good-will and compassion. He thinks highly of himself and slightly others and acts accordingly. He acts without forethought or foresight. He is selfish, greedy, blaming others when in trouble for his misdeeds, never admitting his faults. Unwilling to help others, he never helps others. He encourages others in evil deeds and himself continues his misdeeds. So it is better to avoid them rather than to associate with them.
Latter one is the wise man. Being not enough just to avoid fools, it is also the most important for us to associate with the wise and learned to secure safety, prosperity, peace and happiness in life. He is wise man who is possessed of good virtues, such as, liberality, love, compassion, kindness, morality, modesty, absence of envy and jealousy and the like. He has knowledge that can distinguish between right and wrong, truth and untruth, good and evil. He knows what is moral and immoral, what is beneficial and unbeneficial. He is wise who thinks wise thoughts, makes wise speeches and performs wise deeds. He will make himself as well as his neighbors prosperous and happy. He will protect himself and others from all sorts of dangers. For him, there is no difference between high and low, strong and weak, rich and poor; all is the same in his mind.
So all people should select wise companions with the greatest caution and associate with the wise men of vast learning, moral character, concentrated mind and wise counsel. Those who associate with the wise can gain worldly and spiritual progress. I wish heartily that everyone can possess the peace of mind. “Try to be wise yourself and to make others wise, as well.”
Myanmar is a country full of ancient traditions and culture. From time to time, the Myanmar's have adapted different cultures and arts. To describe about the Arts of Myanmar, there are 10 Myanmar traditional arts which are metaphorically called "Ten Flowers". Theses arts have been passed on from one century to another until today. The 10 arts are as follows:
Panyun
( art and craft of the lacquer-ware maker )
Myanmar traditional lacquer ware emerged in the early part of Bagan period. Myanmar traditional lacquer ware drawing styles derived from many stories of Buddha's life. Burmese lacquer ware is one of such product, whose art goes back to the 11th century. On a framework of woven, finely cut strips of bamboo, mixtures of thit-see resin with clay and ash are carefully built-up and finally polished with the ash of fossil wood. The designs are then etched or painted by hand. The most traditional Burmese lacquer ware is of a unique terracotta color, with scenes from the jatakas, the Buddha's former existence, etched and then filled in with green pigment. More modern designs are in deep, velvet black, with simpler figures laid on in gennine gold leaf. Many types of Burmese lacquer ware articles are available, such as boxes, vases, trays, and bowls and even coffee table. Bagan, site of the architectural wonders of the East, is the home of this craft.
Panchi
( art and craft of the drawing & painting )
Myanmar traditional painting developed with the religion of Buddhism in the religion of Buddhism in the Bagan Region. Thus, Bagan become a repository of ancient Myanmar traditional paintings and sculptures in the 11th century A.D. Because of Myanmar artist's achievements, we have more paintings of Konbaung period than those of Ava, they are more colorful and lively. During Yadanapon of Mandalay period more painting was done in folding books called purapaik and on canvas than on the wall. The wall paintings at Mahamuni Pagoda in Mandalay were executed in later Yadanapone period .Most of these paintings have been copied and collectd by the Archaeological Department, Myanmar.
Panpoot
( art and craft of turning designs on the lathe )
Myanmar's traditional crafts of a turner emerged in the Bagan period in the 8th century A.D. The craft of a turner is an art which is made by rubbing the woods on the turner's lathe. Craft of a turner artists based on the traditional style of Bagan, Ava and Yadanapon period. Besides that, Myanmar's craft of turner artists is very interesting. Diversity in the shape of the craft of a turner, food containers, boxes, bowls, taunglon tables, chairs etc. all makes them attractive. The Myanmar's traditional arts and crafts owed a great deal of influence of Mon, the people of Suvanna Bhumi artists and artisans the Southern India's culture in the early Bagan period.
Myanmar's traditional sculpture emerged before the Bagan period and it improvement in the middle of Bagan Era. Myanmar's sculpture base the religion of Buddhism which arrived from Southern India in the 11th century A.D. Most of the wood sculptures of Bagan and Ava periods have been lost under various circumstances and only a few are left today. One outstanding wood sculpture belonging to the Bagan period is the one at the old portal of Shwesigone pagoda at Nyaung-U. Those who want to see wood sculptures of Yadanapon ( Mandalay ) or latter Yadanapon period should visit following places :
Myanmar's traditional sculpture contains wood sculpture, stone sculpture and plaster sculpture but more wood sculpture will be seen in many arts and crafts shops, in many cities of Myanmar. The wood sculptures are liked by many people in the world today.
Pantaut
( art and craft of making floral designs using masonry )
Myanmar traditional stucco carving emerged before the Bagan period and it improve in the Bagan, Ava, Amarapura and Yadanapon period. According to the historical records, Stucco works were very famous in Bagan period. Stucco works of Bagan period have detailed decorations. After Bagan we had Stucco carvings of mid-Konbaung or Amarapura period, which are very Burmese in style and very fine. The curled leaves and buds, though few, look very beautiful. Menu's brick monastery at Ava stands magnificently today with wooden pyathad durrets above it. The buds and flowers in bunches in the center of the portal at U Kin-danke are unique. The great building itself is a work of art to command our admiration.
Pantain
( art and craft of gold and silver smith )
Myanmar's traditional arts and crafts artistic creation of gold and silver wares come under the genre ( ba-dein ) art of making items in gold or silver. Creating silverware had been with Myanmar for the past one thousand two hundered years, and judging from the workmanship of the silverware that belong to those early years, it is indeed something for the Myanmar's to crow about. According to the crystal palace chronicles, during the region of King Anawrahta the relices of Buddha and the three repositories of Buddhist scriptures were bought to Bagan from Suvunna Boumi, the mon capital, along with them came mon artisans and works of mon arts and crafts, gold and silverware etc. Going further backing into the past, we find Pyu silver works of art discovered from the mounts of old shrines of Sri Ksetra.
The Myanmar's traditional blacksmith craft emerged in the early of Bagan period (11th century A.D ) and it had improved in the mid Bagan Ava and Yadanapon period. Myanmar's traditional blacksmith craft, from Inlay region were famous in the Yadanapon period. Many types of blacksmith craft articles are available, such as military armour, weapons, file, pickaxe, mattock, hoe sword, etc. The Myanmar's traditional blacksmith craft is very famous in the South East Asia and constitute one of the artistic wonders of the world.
Pantamault
( art and craft of sculpting with stone )
Sculpture in stone is a significant feature of Myanmar fine arts, has to this day been the pride and honor of Myanmar people. There are sculpture studio or workshops in Yangon, Mandalay and other towns in the country, but the majority of studios are concentrated in Mandalay. Very fine works of art in stone are to be seen at plaques depicting the life of the Buddha at Ananda, Bagan. Flower designs in the interior of the portal at Kyawkku-U min, Naung-U Nanhpaya, Myinkapa plaques partraying the 550 Buddhist birth-stories at Puhtotawkyi, Amarapura and the great image at Kyauktawkyi, at the foot of Mandalay Hill.
Marble craftsmanship is an interesting topic. Before carving any marble images, an auspicious day and time to the minute must be chosen by an astrologer and the stones blessed with a sprinkling of holy water and homage offering.
The master marks out the outline, and makes the first cut after the solemn rituals has been performed and prayers offered. The first cut must be in the exact instant of predicted auspiciousness. Then the experienced apprentices make the rough cuts. In the final carving stages the master takes over and under his tools the marble peels away as if it were soft wax.
Panyan
( art and craft of bricklaying and masonry )
Myanmar's traditional masonry works enjoys world wide renown for the ancient Pagodas and other religious buildings around the Bagan region.The Myanmar's traditional masonry of Bagan period is the highest developed of all the historical periods. Their works are remarkable for their strength, grandeur beauty of form, immensity of volume, detailed and appropriate decorations and the power to hold the spectators in awe.The masonry of mid Amarapura period is beautiful and lively but to be placed only in the second order, behind Bagan.The Myanmar's traditional masonry hasderived from the mon's culture of Suvanna Bhumi and in the Southern Indian's culture flun the 11th century A.D. In Fact-Masonry in Myanmar emerged since the Pyu period in the 1th century A.D.
Myanmar's traditional coppersmith's craft emerged before Bagan period and it improved during Bagan and Ava period. Every pagoda in Myanmar has bells, which were struck to tell the people of good deeds done. They are triangular bells which twirl when struck and ring with a sweet rising and falling tone, which gradually fades away. Moreover there are gongs, slung from carved ivory or wood elephant trunks, which are prized as dinner gongs. Different sizes and shapes of bells, all unmistakably Burmese in design, are popular as souvenirs. So are other castings such as weights and cow bells.
We have to deal with various people living different places in this world. We can get pleasant or unpleasant and good or bad things from them. So it is very important for us to decide wise man or fool man at the dealing with them. The Buddha taught about the wise man and the fool man in ‘Asevanāsa bālānaṃ Paṇḍhitānañca sivanā’ of the Maṇgala sutra. There the Buddha divided into two classifies the people.
First one is the fool. It is important for us to avoid the fools in order to escape the dangers created by them and secure prosperity and happiness in life. He is fool who thinks evil thoughts, makes evil speeches and performs evil deeds. A fool is possessed of evil attributes, such as greed, hatred, anger, ignorance, envy, jealousy, cruelty, selfishness and so on. He cannot distinguish between good and evil, truth and untruth or right and wrong or cause and effect. It is devoid of knowledge, love, good-will and compassion. He thinks highly of himself and slightly others and acts accordingly. He acts without forethought or foresight. He is selfish, greedy, blaming others when in trouble for his misdeeds, never admitting his faults. Unwilling to help others, he never helps others. He encourages others in evil deeds and himself continues his misdeeds. So it is better to avoid them rather than to associate with them.
Latter one is the wise man. Being not enough just to avoid fools, it is also the most important for us to associate with the wise and learned to secure safety, prosperity, peace and happiness in life. He is wise man who is possessed of good virtues, such as, liberality, love, compassion, kindness, morality, modesty, absence of envy and jealousy and the like. He has knowledge that can distinguish between right and wrong, truth and untruth, good and evil. He knows what is moral and immoral, what is beneficial and unbeneficial. He is wise who thinks wise thoughts, makes wise speeches and performs wise deeds. He will make himself as well as his neighbors prosperous and happy. He will protect himself and others from all sorts of dangers. For him, there is no difference between high and low, strong and weak, rich and poor; all is the same in his mind.
So all people should select wise companions with the greatest caution and associate with the wise men of vast learning, moral character, concentrated mind and wise counsel. Those who associate with the wise can gain worldly and spiritual progress. I wish heartily that everyone can possess the peace of mind. “Try to be wise yourself and to make others wise, as well.”
